E-Bike Spec Guide
Understanding the numbers and terms behind e-bikes is key to finding your perfect ride. This guide breaks down the most important specifications.
Motor
The motor provides the electric assistance. Mid-drive motors (at the pedals) offer a natural feel and are great for hills. Hub motors (in the wheel) are common and cost-effective. Power is measured in Watts (W) and torque in Newton-meters (Nm) - higher values mean more power.
Battery
The battery capacity, measured in Watt-hours (Wh), determines how much energy the bike stores. A larger Wh value generally means a longer range. Consider if the battery is removable for convenient charging.
Range
The estimated distance you can travel on a single charge. This varies greatly based on terrain, rider weight, and assistance level. Look for a range that comfortably covers your typical rides.
Drivetrain Sensor
Determines how the motor assistance is delivered. Torque sensors provide power proportional to how hard you pedal, feeling more natural. Cadence sensors provide a fixed level of power as long as you are pedaling.
Brakes
Hydraulic disc brakes offer the best stopping power and control in all weather conditions. Mechanical disc brakes are a reliable and lower-cost alternative. V-brakes are found on more basic models.
Suspension
Suspension smooths out bumps. Front suspension (Hardtail) is great for light trails and bumpy roads. Full suspension (front and rear) is best for serious off-road riding. No suspension is fine for smooth city streets.
Gears & Chain
Gears help you pedal efficiently at different speeds and on varied terrain. Derailleur systems (e.g., Shimano) are common. Internal gear hubs or belt drives are lower maintenance alternatives. For the chain, a traditional chain requires regular lubrication, while a Carbon Belt Drive is cleaner and much lower maintenance.
Weight & Weight Limit
The bike's total weight. Lighter bikes are easier to lift and handle, especially if you need to carry them upstairs. Heavier bikes often have larger batteries or more robust frames. The Weight Limit is the maximum total weight (rider plus cargo) the bike is designed to support safely.
Form Factor
The shape and style of the bike frame. Step-through frames are easy to get on and off. Diamond frames are the traditional, sportier style. Folding bikes are great for storage and transport.
Removable Battery
Indicates whether the battery can be easily detached from the frame for charging indoors, which is a key convenience feature for many riders.
A Note on E-Bike Regulations
E-bike laws are important as they determine where you can legally ride. The rules differ significantly by region, which is why our tool asks for your location. Below is a general summary.
In the United Kingdom and European Union, standard e-bikes are known as Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycles (EAPCs). To qualify, the motor must not exceed a continuous power output of 250 watts and can only provide assistance when the rider is pedaling. This power must cut off once the bike reaches 15.5 mph (25 km/h). Throttles are generally not permitted, except for walk-assist features that work up to 6 km/h. E-bikes that exceed these limits are typically classified as mopeds and are subject to stricter regulations, including registration and insurance.
The United States uses a three-class system, though specific state laws can vary. Class 1 e-bikes provide pedal assistance only, with a motor that cuts out at 20 mph. Class 2 e-bikes are equipped with a throttle that can power the bike up to 20 mph without pedaling. Class 3 e-bikes are also pedal assist only, but can reach speeds of up to 28 mph. Class 3 bikes may have more restrictions on where they can be ridden, especially on multi use paths.